Personal letter, Cause n effect, Explanation

••Personal Letter••

                                                                                  Bandung, January 12th 2020

Dear Sealy

     Hello Seal. How are you today? Hopefully you're fine. It's been a while since you left me here alone.
Hmmmm.... So sad. My family and I here are missing you a lot.
   
     Hei, did you know Seal. Last week My family and I grow plants with fish water. It sounds very strange doesn't it?
 
     Water from a fish tank can be removed used to grow plants. Then recycled back for the fish to swim in again. This js called aquaponics. Fish can't survive in the same water for long. They make lots of watee that needs to be removed.

     The waste contains essential nutrients for plants. As well as making use id nutrients. Pumping water through this cycle also means over 95% of water is reused. With this method you can grow lush leafy vegetables without the need for fertilisers, perticides, a lot of space, or rainwater.

     I hope you try it. Maybe this is all I can tell, and I hope we meet again.


 Your buddy



   Friska




••Cause and effect••


Smoking and Pain

Rapid-fire clinical pearls on emerging topics in pain medicine were presented to session attendees by some of the field’s seasoned veterans. As part of that discussion, W. Michael Hooten, MD, associate professor of anesthesiology in the Departments of Anesthesiology, Pain Medicine, Psychiatry, and Psychology at the Pain Rehabilitation Center, Mayo Clinic, in Rochester, Minnesota, posed very poignant questions to the audience regarding smoking and chronic pain.

“At the end of the day, it’s harder for opioid patients to quit smoking,” said Dr. Hooten. “But by answering three major questions, we’re hoping we’ll find out why.”

First off, does smoking cause pain? Nicotine does have analgesic or nociceptive properties, and smoke from nicotine and tobacco can have an effect on analgesic medications. Examining the results of a study Dr. Hooten conducted in 2011, which explored the effects of depression and smoking on pain severity in opioid patients, he determined that, in terms of a causal link, smoking does not cause pain. Though depression mediated the relationship in the study, smoking is still considered to be a weak risk factor for chronic pain.1

Secondly, do smokers experience greater pain than non-smokers? In his clinical experience, Dr. Hooten has seen smokers report a little bit more pain severity on a consistent basis. However, depression also plays a factor, often mediating that relationship.

Lastly, do smokers use more opioids to manage their pain than non-smokers? “In my clinical practice, smokers consume more opioids, and this observation is predominantly driven by men. There’s a predominant sex effect. Depression, though, is not a factor.”



••Explanation••



How Aurora Phenomena Happen


Do you know about aurora? Can you tell me how aurora occurs? Well, let me explain it. An aurora (Latin word mean “sunrise”) is natural light display in the sky in the poles (north and south) caused by the collision of energetic charged particles with atoms in the high altitude atmosphere. In the northern latitude, the effect is known as aurora borealis (aurora: the goddess dawn, borealis: north wind). While in the Antarctic region, the effect is known as aurora australis. They illuminate the northern and southern horizon as greenish glow or sometimes faint red, occasionally blue but most often in fluorescent green. Auroras can be seen at night because their light is not as strong as the light of the day.

The aurora phenomenon occurs when the sun produces solar wind. Solar wind is a stream of electrons and protons which are released from the sun due to the high kinetic energy. These particles are charged and contain energy, which means they contribute to electricity. In other way, our planet is surrounded by a super-sized magnetic sheath which is usually called the Magnetic Field of the Earth. Sometimes this solar wind hits the Earth. Some of these charged particles lead to the poles of the earth at a speed that keeps growing. The collision between these particles and atoms present in the earth’s atmosphere, it releases the energy that causes the formation of colorful auroras at the poles of the earth, which looks like a big circle around the pole.

Why Aurora is only found in the earth’s poles? This is because the north and South Pole magnetic field is very strong compared to other regions. The poles of this magnetic field pull the protons and electrons from the solar wind. So the phenomenon is more common in the Polar Regions.
However, sometimes the Aurora can also appear at the top of the mountain in a tropical climate, but this phenomenon is extremely rare. Aurora phenomena have been observed on other planets than Earth that have a magnetic field, such as Jupiter, Saturn and more recently Mars. It is believed to be a widespread phenomenon in the Solar System and beyond.


Thank you :)